Increased the creatinine clearance rate (p < 0.001). Concentrations of advanced oxidation protein
Increased the creatinine clearance rate (p < 0.001). Concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde were reduced in the ATO group, approaching levels observed in sham-group rats. ATO treatment alleviated pathological changes in renal tubular cells. Protein and mRNA levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were reduced significantly. Conclusions: These data suggest that direct protection of injured kidneys by ATO was possible even though the drug was injected 30 min before reperfusion, and that ATO may reduce IR injury by anti-inflammatory effects and by reducing oxidation stress.Background The major causes of acute renal failure (ARF) are acute renal ischemia eperfusion injury due to hemorrhage, severe injury, shock, or kidney transplantation. The mortality associated with ARF in critically ill patients remains high even though application of intensive care and blood purification has provided advanced treatment and a better prognosis for ARF patients [1,2]. Various agents, including dopamine, atrial natriuretic peptide, insulin-like growth factor, and endothelial receptor antagonists have been found to be effective in animals but ineffective in clinical studies [3-6]. It is necessary to* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Division of Nephrology, Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleexplore and find more efficient and practical methods for timely prevention and cure. ARF is a complex disorder resulting from heterogeneous pathogenic factors. Recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory mediators such as intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) [7,8] as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells are implicated in renal ischemia eperfusion injury [2]. In several studies, the effects of statins in ischemia eperfusion models of renal protection have been related to their antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and vascular actions [9-11]. Although these findings suggest an association between statin use and preserved renal function in ARF scenarios such as suprarenal aortic clamping, kidney transplantation, and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit [12,13], they carry little significance in patients with?2014 Wu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Wu et al. BMC Nephrology 2014, 15:14 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2369/15/Page 2 ofunpredictable ARF caused by hemorrhage, severe injury, or shock. In these studies, statin intervention has been several days PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689333 before ischemia eperfusion injury. However, the effects of statin intervention after ischemiareperfusion injury are not fully understood and it is of significance to the clinical treatment of ARF. Todorovic et al. reported that a single intravenous bolus injection of simvastatin after ischemia could relieve tubular necrosis, suggesting that intervention after ARF maybe improve the prognosis [14]. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the effects and BRDU site mechanisms of atorvastatin (ATO) after renal ischemia eperfusion injury with focuses on tubular damage,.
