Ozos Received: 15 September 2021 Accepted: eight October 2021 Published: 9 October5Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; [email protected] (D.T.L.); [email protected] (P.J.C.); [email protected] (D.A.G.); [email protected] (C.K.M.); [email protected] (V.S.M.) University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] (E.P.); [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (A.S.) Faculty of Public and One particular Well being, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; [email protected] Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] (N.G.C.V.); [email protected] (T.G.) Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece; [email protected] Department of Agriculture, Food, All-natural Sources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected] Summary: This perform investigated the presence of staphylococci resistant to antibiotics in the raw milk produced in sheep farms, which is intended for human consumption, in an extensive study performed 1-Phenylethan-1-One medchemexpress throughout Greece. In 31 of flocks, staphylococci resistant to no less than one particular antibiotic were recovered; in 12 of flocks, staphylococci resistant to at the very least 3 distinctive antibiotic classes were found. Factors potentially linked with recovery of resistant isolates had been the lack of practical experience by farmers (five years), the period quickly post lambing, and the intensive management technique applied within the flocks. Abstract: The objectives of this work have been to study prevalence and characteristics of resistance to antibiotics of staphylococcal isolates from the bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks across Greece, to assess possible associations of the presence of antibiotic resistance together with the high-quality of milk in these flocks and to evaluate flock-related aspects potentially connected with antibiotic resistance amongst these isolates. A cross-sectional study was performed in 325 sheep flocks in Greece. Bulk-tank milk samples had been collected for bacteriological examination; staphylococcal isolates have been evaluated for resistance to 20 antibiotics. Oxacillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates, isolates resistant to any antibiotic, and multi-resistant isolates were recovered from eight.0 , 30.5 , and 12.0 of flocks, respectively. Of 232 isolates, 11.6 were resistant to oxacillin, 46.1 were resistant to no less than 1 antibiotic, and 16.4 have been multi-resistant. Resistance was noticed far more regularly amongst coagulase-negative (50.six ) than among Staphylococcus aureus (31.5 ) isolates. Resistance was far more frequent against penicillin and ampicillin (34.1 of isolates), clindamycin (17.7 ), and fosfomycin (14.two ). An association was located in between biofilm formation by staphylococci and resistance to fosfomycin. For recovery of oxacillin-resistant isolates, the lack of practical experience by farmers emerged as a substantial issue; respective aspects for the isolation of staphylococci resistant to any antibiotic or multi-resistant isolates had been the early stage of your lactation period (0thst month) and the intensive management technique applied within the flocks, respectively. Key phrases: bulk-tank milk; mastitis; methicillin; milk; sheep; somatic cell counts; staphylococcus; tetracycline; total bacterial countsPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the author.
