Effects against graft infection. Treatment of osteomyelitis–A chitosan bar loaded with gentamicin was investigated by Aimin et al. for the potential therapy of osteomyelitis [23]. The chitosan bar was prepared applying combined crosslinking, solvent evaporation and a cylinder model cutting approach. Sustained diffusion of gentamicin for the surrounding medium was observed in vitro. The gentamicin released in the bar showed significant antibacterial activity. The bar implanted in the proximal portion from the rabbit tibia produced a low blood concentration of gentamicin, but a considerably larger concentration was developed in nearby bone and in the hematoma. In all bone tissue around the bar, the gentamicin concentration exceeded the MIC for the widespread causative organisms of osteomyelitis for approximately 8 weeks. No systemic unwanted side effects brought on by the implant were observed. The investigators suggested that, based on the test benefits with each other together with the chitosan qualities of biodegradable, antibiotic and immunologic activity, the chitosan bar loaded with gentamicin seems to become a clinically helpful process for the treatment of bone infection. This program has an advantage over other systems in that it avoids a second operation for removal from the carrier. Therapy of oral mucositis–A thermally sensitive mucoadhesive gel according to chitosan derivatives was created by Rossi et al. for the treatment of oral mucositis [24]. Trimethyl chitosan or methylpyrrolidinone chitosan was mixed with glycerophosphate (GP) as outlined by diverse polymer/GP molar ratios and characterized for gelation properties by implies of rheological evaluation in comparison with chitosan. Assessed using porcine buccal mucosa, the most effective mucoadhesive properties have been shown by trimethyl chitosan with higher molecular weight and low substitution degree mixed with GP. Such mixture was loaded with benzydamine hydrochloride, an anti-inflammatory drug with antimicrobial properties, and subjected to in vitro drug release and wash away test. The formulation, determined by trimethyl chitosan/GP mixture, was able to prolong drug release and to withstand the physiological mechanisms of removal. The antimicrobial properties of both automobile and formulation have been investigated. Also, within the absence of drug, trimethyl chitosan/GP mixture was characterized by antimicrobial properties. Remedy of hemorrhagic cystitis–Hemorrhagic cystitis is usually a popular challenge following cyclophos-phamide (CY) or radiation therapy. Okamura et al. evaluated the safety and efficacy of intravesical chitosan in an animal model of CY cystitis [25]. Hemorrhagic cystitis was induced in female rats by intraperitoneal CY. Sequential examination revealedExpert Rev Anti Infect Ther. Author manuscript; CK2 Inhibitor MedChemExpress offered in PMC 2012 May possibly 1.Dai et al.Pagethat chitosan inhibited the occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis when it was utilised inside 1 h after CY administration. Treatment delayed until just after the appearance from the cystitis, specifically repeated treatment options, appeared to create the CY-induced EZH2 Inhibitor Purity & Documentation modifications worse. Table two summarizes the animal studies on the antimicrobial effects of chitosan preparations discussed within this section. Clinical studies Akncbay et al. reported the clinical effectiveness of chitosan, both as a carrier in gel kind and as an active agent within the therapy of chronic periodontitis (CP) [26]. A total of 15 sufferers with moderate-to-severe CP have been selected for this study. The chitosan gel (1 w/w) incorporated with or with no 15 metro.
