Ous investigation gaps, the aim from the existing study was to assess, for the initial time, the occurrence plus the ecological prospective danger of eleven PPCPs of numerous therapeutic classes (like cocaine and its key metabolite, benzoylecgonine) in five urban drainage channels positioned on the north of S Vicente Island, which each day receives diffuse loads from the northern stilthouse slums of S Vicente Island. Inside a regional scale, this investigation is complementary to previous works carried out by our group in this area (Roveri et al., 2020a; 2020b; 2021), and as a result, the important findings from this study will enable public authorities and environmental agencies to program and carry out greater actions to enhance the environmental good quality along of your S Paulo coastline. Furthermore, at a international scale, the acquired information will reinforce the value of implementing continuous environmental monitoring programmes for tracking pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs within the coastal areas, primarily in establishing countries.Materials and methodsStudy web page description and sample collectionThis study was carried out in S Vicente city (2357 47 S; 4623 30 W), a micro-region with the Metropolitan Area of Baixada Santista (MRBS), situated in the eastern edge from the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil (Ibge 2019). The municipality’s economy is primarily driven by industrial activities connected with tourism, created mainly along in the seven beaches positioned on the southern portion of the island, namely Itaquitanduva and Paranaubeaches (each situated around the protected environments of XixovJapuState Park), and other 5 beaches exactly where the tourism is additional intense representing a important part with the social, recreational and cultural life of the inhabitants: Gonzaguinha, Milion ios, Ilha Porchat, Itararand Divisa (SMA/CPLEA 2016; SMA/ CPLA 2018) (Fig.Fura-2 AM Formula 1).Kinetin Protocol In S Vicente, the climate favours the usage of these beaches all through the year, where the imply annual precipitation and temperature are approximately 3000 mm and 22 , respectively (SMA/CPLEA 2016; SMA/CPLA 2018).PMID:28630660 Although S Vicente has a drainage region of about 148 km2, about 117 km2 are created up of places of environmental preservation positioned inside the mainland location. This location also homes around 30 of the municipality’s inhabitants (SMA/CPLEA 2016; SMA/CPLA 2018; Ibge 2019).Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2022) 29:57931Fig. 1 Map displaying the Brazil (in grey colour) and S Paulo state (black box) (A), place of S Vicente city (in orange colour) in S Paulo state (B and C), and also the northern outskirts neighbourhoods (in yellow colour) and southern beaches (in blue colour) of S Vicente city (D). Inside the island location of S Vicente (E) were shown the following: (i) the 5 urban surface drainage channels (numbered yellow diamonds) exactly where the water samples had been taken, (ii) irregularoccupations (stilt-house slums) positioned on the Jockey Club neighbourhood (in red colour), and (iii) the seven beaches (numbered blue circles), namely Itaquitanduva and ParanauBeaches, each situated within the mainland location with the city, around the protected environments of XixovJapuState Park, and the other five beaches exactly where the tourism is much more intensive, namely Gonzaguinha, Milion ios, Ilha Porchat, Itararand DivisaThus, at the moment about 252,000 inhabitants are concentrated inside a little and urbanized area of your insular region (31 km2), which represents a demographic density of greater than 2300 inhabitants per km2 (Fig. 1) (SMA/CPLEA 2016; SMA/ CPLA 2018; Ibge 2.
